BASA: Six Stages Towards Expertise and Mastery in the Learning Process
NOVICE:
- Not familiar with terminology or procedures
- May be familiar with similar skills or technologies.
- Is familiar with some procedures and techniques
- Can sometimes do simple tasks but unpredictably
- Does not understand the methods involved
- No useful work is done.
- Conversant in terminology
- Can effectively use basic techniques and procedures
- Beginning to understand some methods but not the methodology
- Executes simple tasks with confidence but unevenly
- Automatic' skills emerging
- Breakeven point between accomplishments and mistakes.
- Productive
- Fluent in job terminology
- Executes many techniques and procedures with automaticity
- Understands and observes methodology
- Can describe how work is done and how decisions are made
- Works independently and knows personal limitations up to a point
- Biggest risks result from 'blind spot effect' and unexpected difficulties
- May tutor Novices & Beginners effectively.
- Highly productive due to experience and automaticity
- Excellent estimating and predictive abilities
- Reliable application of knowledge and skills
- Knows what to do and what NOT to do
- Excellent understanding of methodology
- Confidently strikes appropriate balances among conflicting goals
- May coach high ability students.
- High degree of expertise and recognition for accomplishments
- May teach 'Experts' and mentor other Masters in training
- Invents new concepts/products/solutions within discipline
- Extends the discipline and has inter-disciplinary capabilities.
See, Mind over Machine, Hubert Dreyfus, Stanley Dreyfus, 1986
See, The Seven Stages of Expertise in Software Engineering,
Meilir Page-Jones, www.waysys.com/ws_content_al_sse.html
Copyright 1992, 2005, 2009 Gary Jedynak, Collaborative for Software Developers and Innovators